Event restroom ratios with alcohol service

Chemical Composition of Deodorizers Used in Porta Potties

When planning an event that includes bar service, one critical aspect often overlooked is the provision of adequate restroom facilities. The presence of alcohol can significantly increase restroom usage, necessitating a higher number of restroom units to accommodate the guests comfortably. Understanding and calculating the right number of restroom units for such events is crucial for event planners to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience for all attendees.


The basic principle behind calculating restroom units for events involves understanding the expected number of guests and the impact of alcohol consumption on restroom frequency. A commonly cited rule of thumb is that events with alcohol service may require up to 30% more restroom facilities than similar events without alcohol. This adjustment accounts for the diuretic effect of alcohol, which leads to increased restroom visits.


To start, event planners should estimate the total number of guests expected at the event. Portable restroom rentals support compliance with OSHA sanitation standards wedding porta potty rental very important person. Once this number is determined, they can apply general restroom ratios, typically one restroom unit per 50 to 100 guests for events without alcohol. For events with bar service, a more conservative ratio of one restroom unit per 35 to 70 guests is advisable. This range allows for flexibility based on the events duration, the type of alcohol served, and the demographic of the attendees.


For example, if an event is expected to host 200 guests, without alcohol, the planner might calculate a need for 2 to 4 restroom units. However, with alcohol service, the calculation would adjust to 3 to 6 restroom units. This increase ensures that guests do not have to endure long waits, which can detract from their overall experience and satisfaction.


Additionally, the type of restroom facilities can influence the calculation. Portable restrooms, often used at outdoor events, might require a higher ratio due to their typically smaller capacity compared to permanent restroom facilities. Event planners should also consider the layout of the venue to ensure that restrooms are accessible and conveniently located for all guests.


In conclusion, calculating the appropriate number of restroom units for events with bar service is a vital part of event planning. By considering the expected number of guests, the impact of alcohol on restroom usage, and the specifics of the venue and facilities, planners can ensure that their event runs smoothly and that guests are comfortable throughout the occasion. This attention to detail not only enhances the guest experience but also reflects positively on the events overall organization and success.

Peak Usage Patterns During Alcohol-Served Events


When alcohol is served at events, restroom usage patterns become significantly more intense and predictable. Event planners must understand that alcohol consumption directly increases the frequency of restroom visits, with most guests needing to use facilities approximately every 30-45 minutes compared to every 2-3 hours at non-alcohol events.


These usage patterns typically show distinct peaks, particularly during natural breaks in the event programming. The heaviest restroom traffic occurs immediately following main activities, such as after dinner service, between dance sets, or during intermissions. Additionally, theres often a substantial surge in restroom use about 60-90 minutes after the event begins, as the first round of drinks begins to take effect.


The gender distribution of restroom use also shifts during alcohol-served events. While women traditionally require more time per restroom visit, the difference becomes more pronounced when alcohol is served, with female guests typically spending 2-3 times longer in restrooms than male guests. This creates a need for larger womens facilities or a higher ratio of womens to mens restrooms to prevent long queues.


Understanding these patterns helps event planners make informed decisions about restroom facilities, ensuring comfortable accommodation for all guests while maintaining smooth event flow. Its essential to factor in not just the total number of facilities needed, but also their strategic placement and timing of access to handle these predictable surge periods effectively.

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Frequency and Maintenance of Deodorizer Use in Rental Porta Potties

Okay, lets talk about event restrooms, specifically when alcohols in the mix, and why gender-specific requirements are actually worth considering. It might seem like a minor detail in the grand scheme of event planning, but trust me, getting the restroom situation right can significantly impact your guests experience.


Think about it: events with alcohol often mean people are consuming more liquids. That, naturally, leads to more frequent trips to the restroom. If youre not prepared for that increased demand, youre going to end up with long lines, frustrated attendees, and a general feeling that the event organizers didnt quite think things through. Nobody wants to spend half their evening waiting to use the facilities.


Now, the gender-specific aspect comes into play because, frankly, men and women tend to use restrooms differently. Societal norms, clothing, and even biology contribute to varying usage times. Historically, womens restrooms often have longer lines, and thats exacerbated when theres alcohol involved. Ignoring this disparity can lead to a negative experience, especially for women.


So, whats the solution? Well, its not always as simple as just throwing in more portable toilets. Its about thoughtfully considering the expected attendance, the ratio of men to women (if known), and adjusting the restroom allocation accordingly. Some event planners even opt for gender-neutral restrooms in addition to the traditional ones, providing more flexibility and potentially reducing wait times overall.


The key takeaway is that providing adequate and accessible restrooms is a crucial element of a well-planned event. By acknowledging the potential impact of alcohol consumption and considering gender-specific needs, you can create a more comfortable and enjoyable experience for everyone involved. Its a small detail that speaks volumes about your attention to detail and commitment to guest satisfaction.

Frequency and Maintenance of Deodorizer Use in Rental Porta Potties

Impact of Deodorizers on Porta Potty User Experience and Rental Demand

Duration Impact on Portable Toilet Quantities


When planning events with alcohol service, the duration of the event plays a crucial role in determining the number of portable toilets needed. Unlike standard events, gatherings where alcohol is served require special consideration due to increased liquid consumption and more frequent restroom visits.


For events lasting 1-4 hours, the basic calculation for portable toilet quantities might suffice with a slight increase to account for alcohol consumption. However, as events extend beyond four hours, the requirements change significantly. Longer events, particularly those lasting 6-8 hours or more, typically require 15-25% more portable toilets than standard calculations would suggest.


This increase is necessary because alcohol consumption tends to rise steadily throughout an events duration. Guests typically use restroom facilities more frequently in the later hours compared to the beginning of an event. Additionally, longer events often see multiple peaks in restroom usage, especially during meal times or scheduled breaks in activities.


Event planners should also consider that the later hours of alcohol-served events might require more frequent servicing of portable toilets to maintain cleanliness and functionality. A good rule of thumb is to add one extra portable toilet for every additional two hours of event time beyond the initial four-hour period when alcohol is being served.


Understanding these duration-related impacts helps ensure guest comfort and prevents long queues at restroom facilities, ultimately contributing to a more successful event experience.

When planning an event with alcohol service, considering temperature and weather conditions is crucial, especially in relation to restroom ratios. These elements can significantly impact attendees comfort and overall experience.


Firstly, temperature plays a pivotal role in how much people will drink and subsequently use the restrooms. In warmer conditions, guests are likely to consume more fluids to stay hydrated, leading to increased restroom visits. Conversely, in colder weather, alcohol consumption might still be high for warmth, but restroom use might decrease due to less fluid intake overall. Thus, understanding the expected temperature can help in planning the appropriate number of restrooms to ensure there are no long lines or overcrowding.


Weather conditions add another layer of complexity. For outdoor events, inclement weather such as rain or snow can deter people from venturing to restrooms frequently, but it can also lead to a higher concentration of people in sheltered areas, including restrooms. Moreover, severe weather might force the event indoors, where space constraints could affect restroom accessibility and availability.


In terms of specific ratios, a general guideline is to have one restroom for every 50 guests when alcohol is served. However, this number should be adjusted based on the anticipated temperature and weather. For instance, during hot summer events, increasing this ratio to one restroom per 40 guests might be more suitable. Similarly, if rain is expected, having additional restrooms or strategically placing them to account for crowd movement towards sheltered areas could mitigate potential issues.


In conclusion, temperature and weather considerations are vital when determining restroom ratios for events with alcohol service. By anticipating these factors, event planners can enhance guest comfort, streamline operations, and ensure a more enjoyable experience for everyone involved.

When planning events that serve alcohol, one crucial aspect to consider is ADA compliance, particularly in relation to restroom ratios. Ensuring that facilities meet the standards set forth by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) not only enhances the experience for all attendees but also adheres to legal requirements.


For events serving alcohol, the demand for restroom facilities typically increases. This is due to the diuretic effect of alcohol, which can lead to more frequent restroom visits. Consequently, event planners must carefully calculate the necessary number of restrooms to accommodate this increased need while maintaining ADA compliance.


The ADA stipulates specific ratios for accessible restrooms. For example, in new construction or major renovations, at least 5% of the total number of fixtures in each accessible restroom must be accessible to individuals with disabilities. Additionally, at least one accessible single-user or family restroom is required if multiple restrooms are provided.


When alcohol is served, planners should consider increasing the overall number of restrooms beyond the minimum required by the ADA. A good rule of thumb is to provide one additional fixture for every 50 attendees beyond the initial calculations. This helps manage the increased traffic and ensures that accessible restrooms remain available for those who need them.


Moreover, the layout and signage of restrooms play a significant role in ADA compliance. Restrooms should be clearly marked with accessible signage, and the path to them should be free of obstacles. This is especially important at events where alcohol is served, as attendees may have impaired judgment and coordination.


In conclusion, ensuring ADA compliance in restroom ratios at events serving alcohol is essential for both legal and practical reasons. By planning for increased restroom demand and maintaining accessible facilities, event organizers can create a more inclusive and enjoyable environment for all attendees.

Strategic Placement Near Bar Areas


When planning events with alcohol service, the strategic placement of restrooms near bar areas is crucial for both guest comfort and operational efficiency. This thoughtful positioning helps manage crowd flow and reduces the likelihood of accidents or incidents that could arise from guests traveling long distances between drinks and restroom facilities.


Experience shows that attendees tend to make more frequent restroom visits when consuming alcoholic beverages. By placing restroom facilities within close proximity to bar areas, event planners can minimize the time guests spend away from the main event activities and reduce congestion in walkways. This arrangement also helps prevent guests from becoming disoriented in unfamiliar venues, particularly as the evening progresses.


From a practical standpoint, clustering restrooms near bars also makes it easier for event staff to monitor these high-traffic areas and respond quickly to any maintenance needs or emergencies. The proximity allows security personnel to better observe guest behavior and ensure everyones safety while maintaining discretion.


However, its important to balance this proximity with privacy considerations. Restrooms should be easily accessible from bar areas but positioned in a way that maintains appropriate separation from food service areas and doesnt create bottlenecks in guest traffic flow. This careful planning helps maintain the overall event atmosphere while addressing the practical needs of guests enjoying alcoholic beverages.

Okay, so lets talk about keeping those restrooms clean at events where alcohol is flowing. We all know the vibe: musics pumping, people are having fun, maybe a little too much fun. And when alcohols involved, well, things can get messy. Thats where "Maintenance Schedule Adjustments for Alcohol Events" comes in. Its basically a fancy way of saying we need to clean the restrooms more often.


Think about it. At a wedding with a cash bar, or a concert with beer vendors, people are going to be using the facilities more frequently, and potentially with less…care. A standard cleaning schedule, the one you might use for a daytime conference, just isnt going to cut it. Were talking about needing more frequent checks to restock supplies like toilet paper, soap, and paper towels. Were also talking about immediately addressing spills and messes that might not be as common at a non-alcohol event. Nobody wants to wade through a sticky situation in their evening wear.


The key is being proactive. Its not just about cleaning when things look obviously bad; its about preventing them from getting that bad in the first place. Having dedicated staff regularly circulating, checking conditions, and tidying up makes a huge difference. It keeps things hygienic, prevents unpleasant odors from lingering, and frankly, shows attendees that you care about their comfort.


Ultimately, a well-executed maintenance schedule adjustment means happier guests and a smoother event. Its a small detail that can have a big impact on the overall experience. Because lets be honest, nobody wants to remember an event for the state of its restrooms.

Sewage therapy is a kind of wastewater therapy which intends to remove pollutants from sewer to create an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding setting or an intended reuse application, therefore avoiding water air pollution from raw sewer discharges. Sewage has wastewater from households and services and perhaps pre-treated industrial wastewater. There are a lot of sewage therapy processes to choose from. These can range from decentralized systems (consisting of on-site therapy systems) to huge central systems involving a network of pipes and pump stations (called sewage) which share the sewage to a treatment plant. For cities that have a mixed sewage system, the sewers will certainly also carry metropolitan drainage (stormwater) to the sewage treatment plant. Sewage therapy commonly includes two main stages, called main and additional therapy, while innovative treatment additionally includes a tertiary treatment phase with brightening procedures and nutrient removal. Secondary treatment can reduce raw material (gauged as organic oxygen need) from sewage,    utilizing cardio or anaerobic organic procedures. A so-called quaternary therapy step (often described as innovative therapy) can additionally be included for the elimination of natural micropollutants, such as drugs. This has actually been carried out in major as an example in Sweden. A large number of sewage treatment innovations have actually been established, mainly utilizing organic treatment procedures. Style designers and decision makers require to take into consideration technological and affordable requirements of each alternative when picking an ideal technology. Commonly, the major standards for option are preferred effluent top quality, anticipated construction and operating expense, availability of land, energy demands and sustainability facets. In developing nations and in backwoods with low populace densities, sewage is commonly dealt with by various on-site sanitation systems and not shared in drains. These systems consist of sewage-disposal tanks linked to drain areas, on-site sewer system (OSS), vermifilter systems and much more. On the other hand, progressed and reasonably pricey sewage therapy plants may include tertiary treatment with sanitation and possibly also a fourth therapy stage to eliminate micropollutants. At the international degree, an estimated 52% of sewer is treated. Nonetheless, sewer treatment prices are highly unequal for various nations worldwide. As an example, while high-income nations deal with roughly 74% of their sewage, establishing nations deal with approximately simply 4. 2%. The treatment of sewage becomes part of the area of hygiene. Sanitation likewise consists of the management of human waste and strong waste in addition to stormwater (drainage) administration. The term sewer therapy plant is often used reciprocally with the term wastewater therapy plant.

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A full roll of toilet paper.
Toilet paper and a toilet paper holder; the cardboard core of an empty roll is visible on the holder.

Toilet paper, (also referred to as toilet/bath/bathroom tissue or toilet roll) [1] is a tissue paper product primarily used to clean the anus and surrounding region of feces (after defecation), and to clean the external genitalia and perineal area of urine (after urination).[2]

It is commonly supplied as a long strip of perforated paper wrapped around a cylindrical paperboard core, for storage in a dispenser within arm's reach of a toilet. The bundle, or roll of toilet paper, is specifically known as a toilet roll,[3] loo roll,[4] or bog roll (in Britain).[5]

There are other uses for toilet paper, as it is a readily available household product. It can be used for blowing the nose or wiping the eyes (or other uses of facial tissue). It can be used to wipe off sweat or absorb it. Some people may use the paper to absorb the bloody discharge that comes out of the vagina during menstruation. Toilet paper can be used in cleaning (like a less abrasive paper towel). As a teenage prank, "toilet papering" is a form of temporary vandalism.

Most modern toilet paper in the developed world is designed to decompose in septic tanks, whereas some other bathroom and facial tissues are not. Wet toilet paper rapidly decomposes in the environment. Toilet paper comes in various numbers of plies (layers of thickness), from one- to six-ply, with more back-to-back plies providing greater strength and absorbency. Most modern domestic toilet paper is white, and embossed with a pattern, which increases the surface area of the paper, and thus, its effectiveness at removing waste. Some people have a preference for whether the orientation of the roll on a dispenser should be over or under.

The use of paper for hygiene has been recorded in China in the 6th century AD, with specifically manufactured toilet paper being mass-produced in the 14th century.[6] Modern commercial toilet paper originated in the 19th century, with a patent for roll-based dispensers being made in 1883.

History

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Although paper had been known as a wrapping and padding material in China since the 2nd century BC,[7] a reference to the use of toilet paper dates back as early as c. 589 when the scholar-official Yan Zhitui (531–591) wrote:

Paper on which there are quotations or commentaries from the Five Classics or the names of sages, I dare not use for toilet purposes.[6]

During the later Tang dynasty (618–907 AD), an Arab traveller to China in the year 851 AD remarked:

... they [the Chinese] do not wash themselves with water when they have done their necessities; but they only wipe themselves with paper.[6]

During the early 14th century, it was recorded that in what is now Zhejiang alone, ten million packages of 1,000 to 10,000 sheets of toilet paper were manufactured annually.[6] During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 AD), it was recorded in 1393 that an annual supply of 720,000 sheets of toilet paper (approximately 2 by 3 ft (60 by 90 cm)) were produced for the general use of the imperial court at the capital of Nanjing.[6] From the records of the Imperial Bureau of Supplies of that same year, it was also recorded that for the Hongwu Emperor's imperial family alone, there were 15,000 sheets of special soft-fabric toilet paper made, and each sheet of toilet paper was perfumed.[6]

Elsewhere, wealthy people wiped themselves with wool, lace or hemp, while less wealthy people used their hand when defecating into rivers, or cleaned themselves with various materials such as rags, wood shavings, leaves, grass, hay, stones, pessoi, sand, moss, water, snow, ferns, plant husks, fruit skins, seashells, or corncobs, depending upon the country and weather conditions or social customs. In Ancient Rome, a sponge on a stick[8] was commonly used, and, after use, placed back in a pail of vinegar. Several talmudic sources indicating ancient Jewish practice refer to the use of small pebbles, often carried in a special bag, and also to the use of dry grass and of the smooth edges of broken pottery jugs (e.g., Shabbat 81a, 82a, Yevamot 59b). These are all cited in the classic Biblical and Talmudic Medicine by the German physician Julius Preuss (Eng. trans. Sanhedrin Press, 1978).

The 16th-century French satirical writer François Rabelais, in Chapter XIII of Book 1 of his novel sequence Gargantua and Pantagruel, has his character Gargantua investigate a great number of ways of cleansing oneself after defecating. Gargantua dismisses the use of paper as ineffective, rhyming that: "Who his foul tail with paper wipes, Shall at his ballocks leave some chips." (Sir Thomas Urquhart's 1653 English translation). He concludes that "the neck of a goose, that is well downed" provides an optimum cleansing medium.[9]

The rise of publishing by the eighteenth century led to the use of newspapers and cheap editions of popular books for cleansing. Lord Chesterfield, in a letter to his son in 1747, told of a man who purchased

a common edition of Horace, of which he tore off gradually a couple of pages, carried them with him to that necessary place, read them first, and then sent them down as a sacrifice to Cloacina; thus was so much time fairly gained...[10]

In many parts of the world, especially where toilet paper or the necessary plumbing for disposal may be unavailable or unaffordable, toilet paper is not used. Also, in many parts of the world people consider using water a much cleaner and more sanitary practice than using paper.[11] Cleansing is then performed with other methods or materials, such as water, for example using a bidet, a lota, rags, sand, leaves (including seaweed), corn cobs, animal furs, sticks or hands; afterwards, hands are washed with water and possibly soap.

As a commodity

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Joseph Gayetty is widely credited with being the inventor of modern commercially available toilet paper in the United States. Gayetty's paper, first introduced in 1857, was available as late as the 1920s. Gayetty's Medicated Paper was sold in packages of flat sheets, watermarked with the inventor's name. Original advertisements for the product used the tagline "The greatest necessity of the age! Gayetty's medicated paper for the water-closet".

Seth Wheeler of Albany, New York, obtained the earliest United States patents for toilet paper and dispensers, the types of which eventually were in common use in that country, in 1883.[12] Toilet paper dispensed from rolls was popularized when the Scott Paper Company began marketing it in 1890.[13]

The manufacturing of this product had a long period of refinement, considering that as late as the 1930s, a selling point of the Northern Tissue company was that their toilet paper was "splinter free".[14] The widespread adoption of the flush toilet increased the use of toilet paper, as heavier paper was more prone to clogging the trap that prevents sewer gases from escaping through the toilet.[15]

Softer, two ply toilet roll was introduced in Britain in 1942, by St Andrew Mills in Walthamstow; this became the famous Andrex.[16]

Moist toilet paper, called wet wipes, was first introduced in the United Kingdom by Andrex in the 1990s. It has been promoted as being a better method of cleaning than dry toilet paper after defecation, and may be useful for women during menstruation. It was promoted as a flushable product but it has been implicated in the creation of fatbergs; by 2016 some municipalities had begun education campaigns advising people not to flush used wet wipes.[17]

More than seven billion rolls of toilet paper are sold yearly in the United States where an average of 23.6 rolls per capita per year is used.[18]

External videos
video icon Documentarian Brian Gersten's short film about the 1973 shortage, The Great Toilet Paper Scare

In 1973, Johnny Carson joked in his Tonight Show monologue about comments made by Wisconsin congressman Harold V. Froehlich about the possibility of a toilet paper shortage. Subsequently, consumers purchased abnormal amounts, causing an actual shortage in the United States for several months.[19][20]

Toilet paper has been one of the commodities subject to shortages in Venezuela starting in the 2010s; the government seized one toilet paper factory in an effort to resolve the problem.[21]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, toilet paper shortages were reported in March 2020 in multiple countries due to hoarding and panic buying.[22][23][24][25][26] At first, few believed the pandemic would be serious. Later, people realized they might need to stock up on certain items in case of a shelter-in-place order, or in case they did not know how long such an order would last; suppliers could not assure that they could keep up with demand.[27][28] However, manufacturers continued to produce even more than they had before. Demand was higher for the types of toilet paper used at home.[29] In some countries the bidet was already seen as a solution, and a survey before the pandemic had indicated an increasing number of Americans would be interested.[30] Amid the panic buying during the pandemic, the Australian toilet paper brand Quilton donated a million of toilet paper rolls to vulnerable Australians who were struggling due to the shortages of toilet paper.[31]

Description

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Toilet paper is available in several types of paper, a variety of patterns, decorations, and textures, and it may be moistened or perfumed, although fragrances sometimes cause problems for users who are allergic to perfumes. The average measures of a modern roll of toilet paper is c. 10 cm (3 ⁠15/16⁠ in.) wide, and 12 cm (4

⁠23/32⁠ in.) in diameter, and weighs between 85 g (3.0 oz) and 196 g (6.9 oz).[32] An alternative method of packing the sheets uses interleaved sheets in boxes, or in bulk for use in dispensers. "Hard" single-ply paper has been used as well as soft multi-ply.

Sheet size

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The format of individual sheets of toilet paper, which is given by a perforation line, varies nationally. In Germany, Holland, France, Poland, Switzerland, for example, about postcard size is standard (about 100 × 140 mm), so about DIN format (DIN A6 105 × 148 mm). In England, the usual format is already somewhat wider, about 115 × 135 mm. The most extreme landscape format with 115 × 102 mm exists in Thailand. The most extreme portrait format (not counting toilet paper rolls without any perforation) is 100 × 366 mm; a promotional toilet paper from Schmidt Spiele in Germany.[33] Manufactured toilet paper sheet in the United States was sized 4.5 in (110 mm) × 4 in (100 mm).[34] Since 1999 the size of a sheet has been shrinking; Kimberly-Clark reduced the length of a sheet to 4.1 in (100 mm).[35] Scott, in 2006, reduced the length of their product to 3.7 in (94 mm). The width of sheets was later reduced giving a general sheet size of 3.7 in (94 mm) long and 4.1 in (100 mm) wide. Larger sizes remain available.

Sheet ply

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The ply of a toilet paper refers to the number of layers per sheet. Rolls are typically available in single-ply, 2-ply, 3-ply, and 4-ply.

Roll length

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Phrases like "single roll", "double roll", "triple roll", "jumbo roll", and "mega roll" commonly used in retail advertising[36] refer to the number of sheets per roll (though the actual number of sheets is also usually disclosed on packaging). A longer roll needs to be replaced less often, but the very largest sizes do not fit all toilet paper dispensers, especially in older homes.

Materials

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Toilet paper is usually manufactured from pulpwood trees, but is also sometimes made from sugar cane byproducts or bamboo.

Toilet paper products vary greatly in the distinguishing technical factors, such as size, weight, roughness, softness, chemical residues, "finger-breakthrough" resistance, water-absorption, etc. The larger companies have very detailed, scientific market surveys to determine which marketing sectors require or demand which of the many technical qualities. Modern toilet paper may have a light coating of aloe or lotion or wax worked into the paper to reduce roughness.

Quality is usually determined by the number of plies (stacked sheets), coarseness, and durability. Low grade institutional toilet paper is typically of the lowest grade of paper, has only one or two plies, is very coarse and sometimes contains small amounts of embedded unbleached/unpulped paper; it was typically called "hard" toilet paper.[37] A brand disinfected with carbolic acid was manufactured in Sheffield, United Kingdom under the Izal brand name by Newton Chambers until 1981.[38] Mid-grade two ply is somewhat textured to provide some softness and is somewhat stronger. Premium toilet paper may have lotion and wax and has two to four plies of very finely pulped paper. If it is marketed as "luxury", it may be quilted or rippled (embossed), perfumed, colored or patterned, medicated (with anti-bacterial chemicals), or treated with aloe or other perfumes.

To advance decomposition of the paper in septic tanks or drainage, the paper used has shorter fibres than facial tissue or writing paper. The manufacturer tries to reach an optimal balance between rapid decomposition (which requires shorter fibres) and sturdiness (which requires longer fibres). Compaction of toilet paper in drain lines, such as in a clog, prevents fibre dispersion and largely halts the breakdown process.

A German quip says that the toilet paper of Nazi Germany was so rough and scratchy that it was almost unusable, so many people used old issues of the Völkischer Beobachter instead, because the paper was softer.[39]

Color and design

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Apricot colored toilet paper

Colored toilet paper in colors such as pink, lavender, light blue, light green, purple, green, and light yellow (so that one could choose a color of toilet paper that matched or complemented the color of one's bathroom) was commonly sold in the United States from the 1960s. Up until 2004, Scott was one of the last remaining U.S. manufacturers to still produce toilet paper in beige, blue, and pink. However, the company has since cut production of colored paper altogether.[40]

Colored toilet paper remains commonly available in some European countries. Here in solid color toilet paper base, apart from the natural tones between white and gray or beige, pastel shades prevail: pink, apricot, light yellow and light blue. In rare cases, pale purple or pale green can be found. However, rich colors are rarely used, such as black, wine red, neon green, royal blue. Flat printed toilet paper is uncommon. If there is printing, it is often one color. Common print colors are pink and pinkish red, also blue, more rarely purple, orange, brown or green.[33]

Design

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Leaves as motif on toilet paper

Today, in the United States, plain unpatterned colored toilet paper has been mostly replaced by patterned toilet paper, normally white, with embossed decorative patterns or designs in various colors and different sizes depending on the brand. The patterns are in most cases "scatter patterns", that is, a motif is distributed ("scattered") several times (irregularly) over the surface. Stripes and dot patterns are rare. Occasionally, toilet papers have an embossed crocodile, wave, circle or check pattern. Some are additionally printed. Ornaments usually stand on their own as self-contained units. They never go uninterrupted (for example, as a border) from the first to the last sheet.[33]

Motifs

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Toilet paper with motif 50 euro bills

Predominant is everything that is associated "softness" and "fluffiness". There are decorations with bears, cats, rabbits, down feathers, clouds. Another motifs are things associated with "lightness": Clouds, downy feathers, leaves of all kinds, butterflies, flying birds. Another association is anything associated with pleasant fragrance: especially flowers of all kinds. Rare are motifs intended to appear noble, such as the Bourbon lily. Less rare are allusions to water, such as fish, shells and other aquatic creatures.[33]

Toilet papers are also provided with texts (jokes, poems), joke motifs (banknotes, politicians in their own or neighbouring companies) or advertising imprints.

Texture

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Crêpe secondary raw material toilet paper

Toilet paper is offered in different qualities. The cheapest toilet papers have a texture close to crêpe paper. They are often made of recycled material. Expensive toilet papers are made from particularly absorbent, delicate tissue paper. Toilet paper usually has a smooth surface. With several intentions, it is occasionally embossed. On the one hand, the embossing can serve to stabilize the paper. Furthermore, wiping can become more effective. Thirdly, there are design reasons. In Switzerland, in particular, there are often toilet paper with burls. In Germany, the number of plies is considered a quality feature. In the USA, Great Britain and Japan, the quality feature is that the toilet paper is as delicate and fine as possible.[33]

Additives

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Some toilet papers are perfumed. Popular scents are chamomile, peach or rose. Other toilet papers are impregnated with antibacterial additives.

Installation

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Dispensers

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A toilet roll holder, also known as a toilet paper dispenser, is an item that holds a roll of toilet paper. There are at least seven types of holders:

  1. A horizontal piece of wire mounted on a hinge, hanging from a door or wall.
  2. A horizontal axle recessed in the wall.
  3. A vertical axle recessed in the wall
  4. A horizontal axle mounted on a freestanding frame.
  5. A freestanding vertical pole on a base.
  6. A wall mounted dispensing unit, usually containing more than one roll. This is used in the commercial/away-from-home marketplace.
  7. A wall mounted dispensing unit with tissue interleaved in a "S"-type fold so the user can extract the tissue one sheet at a time.

Some commercial or institutional toilet paper is wrapped around a cylinder to many times the thickness of a standard toilet paper roll.

Orientation

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The over orientation
The under orientation

There are two choices of orientation when using a holder with a horizontal axle parallel to the wall: the toilet paper may hang over or under the roll. The choice is largely a matter of personal preference, dictated by habit. In surveys of American consumers and of bath and kitchen specialists, 60–70% of respondents prefer over. Most Americans think it should go over the top, like a waterfall.[41]

Decoration

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Toilegami refers to toilet paper origami. Like table napkins, some fancy Japanese hotels fold the first squares of toilet paper on its dispenser to be presented in a fashionable way.[42]

Recreational use

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In the United States, toilet paper has been the primary tool in a prank known as "TP-ing" (pronounced "teepeeing"). TP-ing, or "toilet papering", is often favored by adolescents and is the act of throwing rolls of toilet paper over cars, trees, houses and gardens, causing the toilet paper to unfurl and cover the property, creating an inconvenient mess.[43]

Children and cats may unroll an entire roll of toilet paper by spinning it until it completely unravels on the floor, or as a game by children wadding up one end, putting it in the toilet bowl without tearing it and then using the flushing of the toilet to pull new paper into the toilet, with the objective of flushing the entire roll down the toilet section at a time without the toilet paper breaking. Special toilet paper insert holders with an oblong shape were invented to prevent continuous unrolling without tearing to discourage this practice.[citation needed]

Toilet paper pranks include talking toilet paper holders and inserts that are activated by the unrolling of the toilet paper and will loudly play an embarrassing message calling attention to the person defecating.[44]

Other gags include custom toilet paper printed with jokes, stories or politician's images.[45]

Mechanics

[edit]

Alexander Balankin and coauthors have studied the behavior of toilet paper under tensile stress[46][47] and during wetting and burning.[48]

Toilet paper has been used in physics education to demonstrate the concepts of torque, moment of inertia, and angular momentum;[49][50][51] and the conservation of momentum and energy.[52]

Environmental considerations

[edit]
Some individuals place toilet paper on public toilet seats before sitting down.

One tree produces about 800 rolls (400 pounds (180 kg)) of toilet paper and about 83 million rolls are produced per day.[53] Global toilet paper production consumes 27,000 trees daily.[54]

More than seven billion rolls of toilet paper are sold yearly in the United States alone. Americans use an average of 141 rolls per capita a year which is equivalent to 12.7 kilograms (28 lb) of tissue paper per year.[55] This figure is about 50% more than the average of other Western countries or Japan.[56] The higher use in the United States may be explained by the fact that other countries people use bidets or spray hoses to clean themselves.[57] Millions of trees are harvested in North and South America leaving ecological footprint concerns.[58]

As of 2009, between 22% and 48% of the toilet paper used in the United States comes from tree farms in the U.S. and South America, with the rest mostly coming from old, second growth forests, and, some from virgin forests.[18]

Alternatives to virgin wood pulp

[edit]

Toilet paper made from recycled paper avoids the direct environmental impact of cutting down trees, and is commercially available. Recycled newspaper can contain BPA, an endocrine disruptor.[59]

Toilet paper produced from bamboo is commercially available, and is in some ways more environmentally friendly than virgin pulpwood, because bamboo grows faster, taking less land and less water. For North American consumers, the Natural Resources Defense Council recommends recycled tree pulp over bamboo toilet paper, because tree forests promote more biodiversity and bamboo products must be shipped from Asia.[60]

Toilet paper produced from bagasse, a byproduct of sugarcane, is commercially available, and avoids cutting down any plants because sugarcane is already grown for sugar production.[59]

The most eco-friendly alternatives are to rely solely on soap and water for anal hygiene.[60]

See also

[edit]
  • Anal hygiene
  • Fresh'n
  • Xylospongium, an ancient equivalent

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "toilet tissue". Cambridge English Dictionary. 23 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  2. ^ "Definition of bathroom tissue". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  3. ^ "Toilet Roll". Cambridge English Dictionary. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  4. ^ "Loo Roll | Meaning of Loo Roll by Lexico". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  5. ^ "Bog roll definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 123.
  7. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 122.
  8. ^ Nash, Stephen E. "What Did Ancient Romans Do Without Toilet Paper?". Sapiens. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  9. ^ Rabelais, François (20 April 2007). "Gargantua and Pantagruel". The University of Adelaide, Australia: eBooks@Adelaide. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  10. ^ Quoted in Maxted, Ian. "Sic transit gloria cloacarum". Website of The Ephemera Society. The Ephemera Society. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  11. ^ Sheri Trusty (21 February 2012). "Teen takes mission trip to India". Fremont, Ohio: thenews-messenger.com. Retrieved 5 March 2012. 'In most of India, they don't use toilet paper. They use water and their left hands,' Ollervides said. 'That's what the left hand is for.'[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ The first of note is for the idea of perforating commercial papers (25 July 1871, #117355), the application for which includes an illustration of a perforated roll of paper. On 13 February 1883 he was granted patent #272369, which presented a roll of perforated wrapping or toilet paper supported in the center with a tube. Wheeler also had patents for mounted brackets that held the rolls. See also Joseph Nathan Kane, "Famous First Facts: A Record of First Happenings, Discoveries and Inventions in the United States" (H. W. Wilson: 1964), p. 434; Harper's Magazine, volume. Q, 1941–1943 (Harper's Magazine Co.:1941), p. 181; Jules Heller, "Paper Making" (Watson-Guptill:1978), p. 193.
  13. ^ Toilet paper takes center stage amid coronavirus outbreak. Be thankful we no longer use corncobs and rope ends.
  14. ^ O'Reilly, Terry (8 June 2017). "Now Splinter Free: How Marketing Broke Taboos". Under the Influence. CBC Radio One. Pirate Radio. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  15. ^ Our only good news: Toilet paper won't run out / How Americans fell for toilet paper.
  16. ^ "History Feature: Walthamstow – The birthplace of soft toilet paper". East London and West Essex Guardian Series. 19 February 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  17. ^ Kessler, Matt (14 October 2016). "Are Wet Wipes Wrecking the World's Sewers?". The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  18. ^ a b "Mr. Whipple Left It Out: Soft Is Rough on Forests" by Leslie Kaufman, The New York Times, 25 February 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
  19. ^ Buder, Emily (19 March 2020). "What Misinformation Has to Do With Toilet Paper". The Atlantic. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  20. ^ Crockett, Zachary (9 July 2014). "The Great Toilet Paper Scare of 1973". Priceonomics.com. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  21. ^ "Venezuelan Government Seizes Toilet Paper Factory Amid Shortage". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  22. ^ Lee, Bruce Y. "Is COVID-19 Coronavirus Leading To Toilet Paper Shortages? Here Is The Situation". Forbes.
  23. ^ Corkery, Michael; Maheshwari, Sapna (13 March 2020). "Is There Really a Toilet Paper Shortage?". The New York Times.
  24. ^ Frankel, Todd C. (13 March 2020). "The toilet paper shortage is real. But it should be brief". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  25. ^ Andrew, Scottie (9 March 2020). "The psychology behind why toilet paper, of all things, is the latest coronavirus panic buy". CNN. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  26. ^ Capozzi, Joe (15 March 2020). "Coronavirus in Florida: Toilet paper – the plywood of the pandemic". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  27. ^ Kluger, Jeffrey (14 March 2020). "In the Wake of the Coronavirus, Here's Why Americans Are Hoarding Toilet Paper". Time. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  28. ^ Whysel, Brett (17 April 2020). "Where Did All The Toilet Paper Go? The Behavioral Economics Of Hoarding". Forbes. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  29. ^ Schrotenboer, Brent (8 April 2020). "Coronavirus and shopping for supplies: Getting to the bottom of the toilet paper shortage". USA Today. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  30. ^ Karcz, Anthony (14 March 2020). "Stop Hoarding Toilet Paper – There's A Better Solution". Forbes. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  31. ^ "Quilton donates a million rolls of toilet paper to struggling Australians amid coronavirus panic-buying". Perth Now. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  32. ^ "Toilet Rolls Vary in Net Weight &Total Length by a Double – Variations also in Paper Strength & Absorbency". consumer.org.hk. Hong Kong Consumer Council. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  33. ^ a b c d e Gudehus, Juli. "toilet paper – design for the arse • a collection". Juli Gudehus. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  34. ^ "Is My Toilet Paper Shrinking?". Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  35. ^ "The Incredible Shrinking Toilet Paper Roll". Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  36. ^ "The dirty little secrets of toilet paper / Some rolls have shrunk more than 20 percent". Consumer Reports. 27 August 2015.
  37. ^ "Minor British Institutions: Izal toilet paper". The Independent. Archived from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  38. ^ "The History of Izal – Joan Jones – 7th March 2016". 8 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  39. ^ Read, Anthony and Fisher, David The Fall of Berlin London: Pimlico, 1993.
  40. ^ "The unpalatable truth: the colour has drained from our bathrooms?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  41. ^ Yenisey, Zeynep (5 April 2016). "What the Direction Your Toilet Paper Hangs Says About You According to Science: Under or over?". Maxim. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  42. ^ "Toilet Paper Origami". Origami Resource Center. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  43. ^ "Hey kids, TPing is not a crime!". tribunedigital-dailypilot. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  44. ^ "Amazon.com: Talking Toilet Paper Spindle: Toys & Games". Archived from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
  45. ^ Kaye, Ben (4 August 2017). "Donald Trump's shitty tweets printed on toilet paper". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  46. ^ Balankin, Susarrey Huerta & Bravo 2001.
  47. ^ Balankin et al. 2002.
  48. ^ Balankin & Matamoros 2002.
  49. ^ Harkay 2006.
  50. ^ Goodwin 1985.
  51. ^ Walker 1975.
  52. ^ Ehrlich 1997.
  53. ^ "Toilet paper fun facts". ToiletPaperHistory.com.
  54. ^ "Toilet paper wipes out 27,000 trees a day – National Geographic's Green Guide". National Geographic. 16 April 2010. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
  55. ^ "The U.S. Leads the World in Toilet Paper Consumption". 5 October 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  56. ^ "Soft Tissue Paper is Hard on the Environment". Simple Ecology. 22 August 2009. Archived from the original on 24 November 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  57. ^ "Euro-style Personal Hygiene With the Bidet". hgtv.com. 27 February 2012. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  58. ^ Lindsey (26 February 2009). "Destroying forests to make toilet paper is 'worse than driving Hummers'". Green Peace. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  59. ^ a b "The Hidden Danger in Recycled Toilet Paper". HuffPost. 8 March 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  60. ^ a b Which toilet paper is the most eco-friendly? Bamboo vs. Recycled

General and cited sources

[edit]
  • Balankin, Alexander S.; Matamoros, Daniel Morales (2002), "Some new features of interface roughness dynamics in paper wetting, burning and rupturing experiments" (PDF), in Miroslav Michal Novak (ed.), Emergent Nature: Patterns, Growth and Scaling in the Sciences, pp. 345–356, doi:10.1142/9789812777720_0031, archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011, retrieved 27 July 2010
  • Balankin, Alexander S.; Susarrey Huerta, Orlando; Bravo, Armando (27 November 2001), "Self-affine nature of the stress-strain behavior of thin fibre networks" (PDF), Phys. Rev. E, 64 (6), American Physical Society: 066131, Bibcode:2001PhRvE..64f6131B, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.64.066131, PMID 11736260, archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011, retrieved 27 July 2010citation: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  • Balankin, Alexander S.; Susarrey Huerta, Orlando; Urriolagoitia Calderón, Guillermo; Hernández, Luis H. (20 May 2002), "Self-affine nature of the stress-strain behavior of an elastic fractal network" (PDF), Physics Letters A, 297 (5–6), Elsevier: 376–386, Bibcode:2002PhLA..297..376B, doi:10.1016/S0375-9601(02)00427-9, archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011, retrieved 27 July 2010
  • Ehrlich, Robert (1997), "5.9 Dropping two rolls of toilet paper", Why Toast Lands Jelly-Side Down: Zen and the Art of Physics Demonstrations, Princeton University Press, pp. 97–98, ISBN 0-691-02891-5
  • Goodwin, Peter (1985), Physics can be fun: a sourcebook of practical problems, J. Weston Walch, pp. 64–69, ISBN 978-0-8251-0418-3
  • Harkay, J. Russell (2006), "Roll Out: Toilet Paper Physics", Phenomenal Physics: A Guided Inquiry Approach (3rd ed.), Lulu.com, pp. 135–140, ISBN 978-1-4116-8882-7
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Paper and Printing. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
  • Walker, Jearl (1975), The Flying Circus of Physics: With Answers (1st ed.), Wiley, pp. 32, 235, ISBN 978-0-471-76273-7

Further reading

[edit]
  • De Beaumont, Sally; Tanner, Amoret; Rickards, Maurice (2000), Encyclopedia of Ephemera, UK: Routledge, pp. 190–191, ISBN 0-415-92648-3
  • Knuth, Donald E. (October 1984), "The Toilet Paper Problem", The American Mathematical Monthly, 91 (8): 465–470, doi:10.2307/2322567, JSTOR 2322567
  • Smyth, Richard (2012). Bum Fodder: An Absorbing History of Toilet Paper. Souvenir Press Limited. ISBN 978-0-285-64120-4.
[edit]

Media related to Toilet paper at Wikimedia Commons

 

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